Sarah Winter, “On the Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica and the Governor Eyre-George William Gordon Controversy, 1865-70″ Image: The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The use of the PSN technique to increase shear strength and reduce liquefaction potential has the advantages of rapid construction, use of light equipment, and low cost"-Abstract, page iii.An amendment of the Colonial Governors Act (1700), the Criminal Jurisdiction Act holds colonial officials accountable to the Court of King’s Bench in England for crimes committed in the colonies. The study has illustrated the viability of the Porous Soil Nailing (PSN) technique for seismically retrofitting dam embankments. The two-dimensional finite difference computer program, FLAC 3.4, was selected to analyze the problem. The embankment was then subjected to the El-Centro earthquake time history and its response evaluated. Vibratory tampers conducting a seismic reflection survey on a roadway embankment in Michigan's Upper Peninsula triggered a liquefaction failure. A case history of a failed road embankment on Highway 94 in Michigan has been selected as a study model. The feasibility of the Porous Soil Nailing (PSN) technique to seismically retrofit embankment dams was the objective of this research. The excess porewater pressure is dissipated through the geotextile thereby increasing the effective stresses within the embankment and dramatically improving its stability.
The shear force due to an earthquake is counteracted by the shear capacity of the soil nails' cross- section. Recent studies have shown that many embankments and earth dams are seismically vulnerable.Īn innovative retrofit technique combining the advantages of in-situ strengthening and improving drainage is the use of small diameter (5 cm) porous pipes containing highly permeable geotextile driven vertically into the embankment. "Many failures of earth structures, slopes and foundations supported on saturated sands have been attributed to liquefaction of the sands.
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